Duplicate Key Value Violates Unique Constraint in PostgreSQL

What This Error Means

This error occurs when inserting a record with a value that already exists in a unique column.

Example

INSERT INTO users(id, email) VALUES (1, '[email protected]');

If ID 1 already exists, the insert fails.

Fix Options

• Use ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING
• Use ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE
• Validate data before insert